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 TitleDate AddedCompany
whitepaper Networked Multimedia Overview0000-00-00 Cisco Systems
  Networked multimedia computer applications will significantly affect users and network managers and have a tremendous impact on computing and network infrastructures. This paper discusses the structure of the industry that is delivering multimedia, the requirements that multimedia places on a network, and Cisco's products that will enable multimedia both today and in the future.

Tags: Network Technologies, 		  
whitepaper PIM-SM Multicast Routing Protocol0000-00-00 Microsoft
  This paper is an introduction to the PIM-SM multicast routing protocol, concentrating on version 2. It is intended for IT managers who are already familiar with multicasting, and who want an overview before reading the PIM-SM RFC. PIM-SM was designed to operate efficiently across wide area networks, where groups are sparsely distributed. It uses the traditional IP multicast model of receiver-initiated membership, supports both shared and shortest-path trees, is not dependent on a specific unicast routing protocol, and uses soft-state mechanisms to adapt to changing network conditions.

Tags: Internet and Web		   
whitepaper How the IP Multicast Router Works0000-00-00 3Com
  Multicasting allows a host to transmit an IP datagram to a set of hosts that form a multicast group. Every member in a multicast group that uses the same multicast address can receive a copy of the IP datagram. Multicast routers are responsible for delivering (and copying) datagrams to those hosts. Membership in a multicast group is dynamic. A host may join or leave a group at any time. A host may be a member of an arbitrary number of multicast groups; group members can span multiple subnets. Membership in a group determines whether the host receives datagrams sent to the multicast group; however, a host may send datagrams to a multicast group without being a member. Each multicast group has a unique multicast (Class D) address. Some multicast addresses are assigned by the Internet Addressing and Naming Authority (IANA) and correspond to groups that always exist even if they have no current members. Such addresses are said to be well-known. Typically, packets transmitted to these addresses use a TTL of 1. Other multicast addresses are available for temporary use. They correspond to transient multicast groups that are created when needed and discarded when the membership reaches zero.

Tags: Network Technologies		   
whitepaper Scalable Resilient Media Streaming2004-06-18 Association for Computing Machinery
  This paper presents a low-overhead media streaming system, called SRMS (Scalable Resilient Media Streaming) that can be used to scalably deliver streaming data to a large group of receivers. SRMS uses overlay multicast for data distribution. SRMS leverages a probabilistic loss recovery technique to provide high data delivery guarantees even under large network losses and overlay node failures. The clients in the SRMS system are able to interoperate with existing media streaming servers that use RTP for data transport. One of the interesting features of SRMS is that it can simultaneously support clients with disparate access bandwidths. It enables the necessary bandwidth adaptations using standard Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) mechanisms, e.g. RTP translators.

Tags: Network Management, Internet and Web		   
whitepaper A Reliable Multicast Transport Protocol With Feedback Implosion Suppression for Satellite Communication Systems2004-03-19 Princeton University
  This paper proposes a reliable multicast transport protocol for satellite communication systems. Many of the emerging applications in the Internet would benefit from reliable multicast services, and broadband satellite communication systems have attractive characteristics for supporting such services. However, many of the protocols designed primarily for terrestrial networks do not perform well over satellite networks. Therefore, it is necessary to look at the problem of reliable multicast in the solution space of satellite communications. The protocol makes use of a special form of forward error correcting codes and couples it with an adaptive window based control mechanism to dynamically adjust the number of encoding packets forwarded to the users.

Tags: Network Technologies, Telecommunications		   
whitepaper P2VoD: Providing Fault Tolerant Video-on-Demand Streaming in Peer-to-Peer Environment2004-03-10 University of Central Florida
  This paper presents a system for video-on-demand streaming in peer-to-peer environment. The paper starts by realizing the major differences between two types of streaming: live and on-demand. These observations lead to a set of problems that need to be solved for a peer-to-peer video-on-demand system. To address these problems, the paper proposes a solution, which includes detail algorithms for building and maintaining an application multicast tree. The novel ideas in this paper are the use of a new caching scheme at clients, and the introduction of generation for better client management. Performance study based on simulation is carried out.

Tags: Internet and Web, Server Hardware		   
whitepaper Scalable Live Video Streaming to Cooperative Clients Using Time Shifting and Video Patching2004-02-03 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
  This paper considers the problem of how to enable the streaming of live video content from a single server to a large number of clients. One recently proposed approach relies on the cooperation of the video clients in forming an application layer multicast tree over which the video is propagated. Video continuity is maintained as client departures disrupt the multicast tree, using Multiple Description Coded (MDC) streams multicast over several application layer trees. While this maintains continuity, it can cause video quality fluctuation as clients depart and trees are reconstructed around them. This paper develops a scheme using the transmission of a single-description coded video over an application layer multicast tree formed by cooperative clients.

Tags: Network Management, Internet and Web		   
whitepaper Quantitative Analysis of Strategies for Streaming Media Distribution2003-10-08 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
  Distribution of streaming media content, including live news, music and videos, is becoming increasingly popular in today's Internet. Traditional client/server architectures are inefficient for distributing streaming media objects because of the high demands for system resources, especially server and network bandwidth, which severely limit the total number of simultaneous users the system can support. One proposal for improving the scalability of media distribution systems is the use of P2P overlay networks. Although a number of previous work has evaluated different aspects of P2P systems, mainly through simulation, there is a lack of a thorough quantitative analysis of the requirements for server and network resources (i.e., CPU, server and network bandwidth) in actual P2P systems, compared to traditional client/server systems.

Tags: Internet and Web		   
whitepaper Designing Overlay Multicast Networks for Streaming2003-06-09 Association for Computing Machinery
  This paper presents a polynomial time approximation algorithm for designing a multicast overlay network. The algorithm finds a solution that satisfies capacity and reliability constraints to within a constant factor of optimal, and cost to within a logarithmic factor. The class of networks that the algorithm applies to includes the one used by Akamai Technologies to deliver live media streams over the Internet. In particular, the paper analyzes networks consisting of three stages of nodes. The nodes in the first stage are the sources where live streams originate. A source forwards each of its streams to one or more nodes in the second stage, which are called reflectors.

Tags: Internet and Web, Software Development Tools		   
whitepaper Optimal Distribution Tree for Internet Streaming Media2003-05-01 University of Texas
  Internet radio and television stations require significant bandwidth to support delivery of high quality audio and video streams to a large number of receivers. IP multicast is an appropriate delivery model for these applications. However, widespread deployment of IP multicast on the Internet is unlikely in the near future. An alternative is to build a multicast tree in the application layer. Previous studies have addressed tree construction in the application layer. However, most of them focus on reducing delay. Few systems have been designed to achieve a high throughput for bandwidth-intensive applications. This paper presents a distributed algorithm to build an application-layer tree.

Tags: Network Technologies, Internet and Web		   

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