The companies are committing a combined US$20 million to fund parallel computing research centers at the University of California at Berkeley and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
For years, the PC processor has got faster, leading to performance gains that software could easily take advantage of. In recent years, however, chip speed gains have flattened out, while Intel and others have been pushing multiple processing cores on a single chip.
More cores can also add up to better performance, but to fully utilize the multiple brains, software needs to be rewritten in ways that allow tasks to be split up and handled in parallel, a significant technical hurdle.
"The software has to also start following Moore's Law," Intel fellow Shekhar Borkar said at a May gathering with reporters.
Both Intel and Microsoft have been working on this issue for some time.
In January, Microsoft announced it was setting up a joint research facility in Spain in conjunction with the Barcelona Supercomputing Center.
Microsoft chief Research and strategy officer Craig Mundie told ZDNet Asia sister site CNET News.com in May that the shift of the PC from a single processor to one with many processing engines is "probably the single most disruptive thing that we will have done in the last 20 or 30 years".
Tony Hey, Microsoft's vice president of external research, echoed that on Tuesday, saying the shift in chip architecture will "profoundly impact" the way software is written.
"We're really in the midst of a revolution in the software industry," he said.
This article was first published as a blog on CNET News.com.
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